array|bool ExampleChannel ExampleCast ExampleCommand ExampleException $dontFlash $dontReport $e ExampleController $middleware $middlewareGroups $routeMiddleware $except ExampleMiddleware $except $except $proxies $except ExampleRequest ExampleResource ExampleListener Example $casts $fillable $hidden ExampleObserver ExamplePolicy $policies $listen ExampleProvider optional($request->user())->id ?: $request->ip() optional($request->user())->id optional($request->user())->id ?: $request->ip() bool ExampleRule