diff --git a/src/Psalm/Internal/Provider/ReturnTypeProvider/ArrayFilterReturnTypeProvider.php b/src/Psalm/Internal/Provider/ReturnTypeProvider/ArrayFilterReturnTypeProvider.php
index fac958d1d..14be1a400 100644
--- a/src/Psalm/Internal/Provider/ReturnTypeProvider/ArrayFilterReturnTypeProvider.php
+++ b/src/Psalm/Internal/Provider/ReturnTypeProvider/ArrayFilterReturnTypeProvider.php
@@ -64,6 +64,52 @@ class ArrayFilterReturnTypeProvider implements \Psalm\Plugin\Hook\FunctionReturn
         } else {
             $inner_type = $first_arg_array->getGenericValueType();
             $key_type = $first_arg_array->getGenericKeyType();
+
+            if (!isset($call_args[1]) && !$first_arg_array->previous_value_type) {
+                $had_one = count($first_arg_array->properties) === 1;
+
+                $first_arg_array = clone $first_arg_array;
+
+                $new_properties = \array_filter(
+                    array_map(
+                        function ($keyed_type) use ($statements_source, $context) {
+                            $prev_keyed_type = $keyed_type;
+
+                            $keyed_type = \Psalm\Internal\Type\AssertionReconciler::reconcile(
+                                '!falsy',
+                                clone $keyed_type,
+                                '',
+                                $statements_source,
+                                $context->inside_loop,
+                                [],
+                                null,
+                                $statements_source->getSuppressedIssues()
+                            );
+
+                            $keyed_type->possibly_undefined = ($prev_keyed_type->hasInt()
+                                    && !$prev_keyed_type->hasLiteralInt())
+                                || $prev_keyed_type->hasFloat()
+                                || $prev_keyed_type->getId() !== $keyed_type->getId();
+
+                            return $keyed_type;
+                        },
+                        $first_arg_array->properties
+                    ),
+                    function ($keyed_type) {
+                        return !$keyed_type->isEmpty();
+                    }
+                );
+
+                if (!$new_properties) {
+                    return Type::getEmptyArray();
+                }
+
+                $first_arg_array->properties = $new_properties;
+
+                $first_arg_array->is_list = $first_arg_array->is_list && $had_one;
+
+                return new Type\Union([$first_arg_array]);
+            }
         }
 
         if (!isset($call_args[1])) {
@@ -97,7 +143,20 @@ class ArrayFilterReturnTypeProvider implements \Psalm\Plugin\Hook\FunctionReturn
             if ($key_type->getLiteralInts()) {
                 $key_type->addType(new Type\Atomic\TInt);
             }
-        } elseif (!isset($call_args[2])) {
+
+            if (!$inner_type->getAtomicTypes()) {
+                return Type::getEmptyArray();
+            }
+
+            return new Type\Union([
+                new Type\Atomic\TArray([
+                    $key_type,
+                    $inner_type,
+                ]),
+            ]);
+        }
+
+        if (!isset($call_args[2])) {
             $function_call_arg = $call_args[1];
 
             if ($function_call_arg->value instanceof PhpParser\Node\Scalar\String_
diff --git a/tests/ArrayFunctionCallTest.php b/tests/ArrayFunctionCallTest.php
index bd97a4e70..11f8f4818 100644
--- a/tests/ArrayFunctionCallTest.php
+++ b/tests/ArrayFunctionCallTest.php
@@ -16,15 +16,15 @@ class ArrayFunctionCallTest extends TestCase
         return [
             'arrayFilter' => [
                 '<?php
-                    $d = array_filter(["a" => 5, "b" => 12, "c" => null]);
+                    $d = array_filter(["a" => rand(0, 10), "b" => rand(0, 10), "c" => null]);
                     $e = array_filter(
-                        ["a" => 5, "b" => 12, "c" => null],
+                        ["a" => rand(0, 10), "b" => rand(0, 10), "c" => null],
                         function(?int $i): bool {
                             return true;
                         }
                     );',
                 'assertions' => [
-                    '$d' => 'array<string, int>',
+                    '$d' => 'array{a?: int, b?: int}',
                     '$e' => 'array<string, int|null>',
                 ],
             ],
@@ -2010,7 +2010,7 @@ class ArrayFunctionCallTest extends TestCase
                     function ints(array $ints) : void {}
                     $brr = array_filter([2,3,0,4,5]);
                     ints($brr);',
-                'error_message' => 'ArgumentTypeCoercion - src' . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'somefile.php:5:26 - Argument 1 of ints expects list<int>, parent type array<int, int(2)|int(3)|int(4)|int(5)> provided',
+                'error_message' => 'InvalidArgument',
             ],
             'usortOneParamInvalid' => [
                 '<?php