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psalm/docs/annotating_code/assertion_syntax.md
2020-03-21 09:24:41 -04:00

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# Assertion syntax
Psalms [assertion annotation](adding_assertions.md) supports a number of different assertions.
Psalm assertions are of the form
`@psalm-assert(-if-true|-if-false)? (Assertion) (Variable or Property)`
`Assertion` here can have many forms:
## Regular assertions
### is_xxx assertions
Most `is_xxx` PHP functions have companion assertions e.g. `int` for `is_int`. Here's the full list:
- `int`
- `float`
- `string`
- `bool`
- `scalar`
- `callable`
- `countable`
- `array`
- `iterable`
- `numeric`
- `resource`
- `object`
- `null`
So a custom version `is_int` could be annotated in Psalm as
```php
<?php
/** @psalm-assert-if-true int $x */
function custom_is_int($x) {
return is_int($x);
}
```
### Object type assertions
Any class can be used as an assertion e.g.
`@psalm-assert SomeObjectType $foo`
### Generic assertions
Generic type parameters can also now be asserted e.g.
`@psalm-assert array<int, string> $foo`
## Negated assertions
Any assertion above can be negated:
This asserts that `$foo` is not an `int`:
```php
<?php
/** @psalm-assert !int $foo */
```
This asserts that `$bar` is not an object of type `SomeObjectType`:
```php
<?php
/** @psalm-assert !SomeObjectType $bar */
```
## Bool assertions
This asserts that `$bar` is `true`:
```php
<?php
/** @psalm-assert true $bar */
```
This asserts that `$bar` is not `false`:
```php
<?php
/** @psalm-assert !false $bar */
```
## Equality assertions
Psalm also supports the equivalent of `assert($some_int === $other_int)` in the form
```php
<?php
/** @psalm-assert =int $some_int */
```
There are two differences between the above assertion and
```php
<?php
/** @psalm-assert int $some_int */
```
Firstly, the negation of `=int` has no meaning:
```php
<?php
/** @psalm-assert-if-true =int $x */
function equalsFive($x) {
return is_int($x) && $x === 5;
}
function foo($y) : void {
if (equalsFive($y)) {
// $y is definitely an int
} else {
// $y might be an int, but it might not
}
}
function bar($y) : void {
if (is_int($y)) {
// $y is definitely an int
} else {
// $y is definitely not an int
}
}
```
Secondly, calling `equalsFive($some_int)` is not a `RedundantCondition` in Psalm, whereas calling `is_int($some_int)` is.