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223 lines
8.0 KiB
Markdown
223 lines
8.0 KiB
Markdown
# Async ORM
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[](https://codecov.io/gh/danog/AsyncOrm)
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[](https://shepherd.dev/github/danog/AsyncOrm)
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[](https://shepherd.dev/github/danog/AsyncOrm)
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Async ORM based on AMPHP v3 and fibers, created by Daniil Gentili (https://daniil.it) and Alexander Pankratov (alexander@i-c-a.su).
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Supports MySQL, Redis, Postgres.
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Features read and write-back caching, type-specific optimizations, and much more!
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This ORM library was initially created for [MadelineProto](https://docs.madelineproto.xyz), an async PHP client API for the telegram MTProto protocol.
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## Installation
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```bash
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composer require danog/async-orm
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```
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## Usage
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There are two main ways to use the ORM: through automatic ORM properties, which automatically connects appropriately marked `DbArray` properties to the specified database, or by manually instantiating a `DbArray` with a `DbArrayBuilder`.
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The `DbArray` obtained through one of the methods below is an abstract array object that automatically stores and fetches elements of the specified [type »](#value-types), from the specified database.
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`DbArray`s of type `ValueType::OBJECT` can contain objects extending `DbObject`.
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Classes extending `DbObject` have a special `save` method that can be used to persist object changes to the database, as can be seen in the [example](https://github.com/danog/AsyncOrm/blob/master/examples/2-manual.php).
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### Automatic ORM properties example
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```php
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<?php declare(strict_types=1);
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use Amp\Mysql\MysqlConfig;
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use Amp\Postgres\PostgresConfig;
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use Amp\Redis\RedisConfig;
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use danog\AsyncOrm\Annotations\OrmMappedArray;
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use danog\AsyncOrm\DbArray;
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use danog\AsyncOrm\DbAutoProperties;
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use danog\AsyncOrm\DbObject;
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use danog\AsyncOrm\KeyType;
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use danog\AsyncOrm\Settings;
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use danog\AsyncOrm\Settings\MysqlSettings;
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use danog\AsyncOrm\Settings\PostgresSettings;
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use danog\AsyncOrm\Settings\RedisSettings;
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use danog\AsyncOrm\ValueType;
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require __DIR__ . '/../vendor/autoload.php';
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// Any of the following database backends can be used,
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// remove the ones you don't need.
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$settings = new MysqlSettings(
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new MysqlConfig(
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host: "/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock",
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user: 'user',
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password: 'password',
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database: 'database'
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),
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cacheTtl: 100
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);
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$settings = new PostgresSettings(
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new PostgresConfig(
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host: "127.0.0.1",
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user: "user",
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password: "password",
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database: "database"
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),
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cacheTtl: 100
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);
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$settings = new RedisSettings(
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RedisConfig::fromUri("redis://127.0.0.1"),
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cacheTtl: 100
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);
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/**
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* An object stored in a database.
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*/
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class MyObject extends DbObject
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{
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public function __construct(
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private string $value
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) {
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}
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public function setValue(string $value): void
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{
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$this->value = $value;
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}
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public function getValue(): string
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{
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return $this->value;
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}
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}
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/**
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* Main class of your application.
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*/
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final class Application
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{
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use DbAutoProperties;
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/**
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* This field is automatically connected to the database using the specified Settings.
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*
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* @var DbArray<string, MyObject>
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*/
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#[OrmMappedArray(KeyType::STRING, ValueType::OBJECT)]
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private DbArray $dbProperty1;
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/**
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* This field is automatically connected to the database using the specified Settings.
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*
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* @var DbArray<string, int>
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*/
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#[OrmMappedArray(KeyType::STRING, ValueType::INT)]
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private DbArray $dbProperty2;
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public function __construct(
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Settings $settings,
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string $tablePrefix
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) {
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$this->initDbProperties($settings, $tablePrefix);
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}
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public function businessLogic(): void
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{
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$this->dbProperty1['someOtherKey'] = new MyObject("initialValue");
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// Can store integers, strings, arrays or objects depending on the specified ValueType
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$this->dbProperty2['someKey'] = 123;
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var_dump($this->dbProperty2['someKey']);
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}
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public function businessLogic2(string $value): void
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{
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$obj = $this->dbProperty1['someOtherKey'];
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$obj->setValue($value);
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$obj->save();
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}
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public function businessLogic3(): string
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{
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return $this->dbProperty1['someOtherKey']->getValue();
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}
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public function shutdown(): void
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{
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// Flush all database caches, saving all changes.
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$this->saveDbProperties();
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}
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}
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$app = new Application($settings, 'tablePrefix');
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$app->businessLogic();
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$app->businessLogic2("newValue");
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var_dump($app->businessLogic3());
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$app->shutdown();
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```
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### Manual ORM properties example
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See [here »](https://github.com/danog/AsyncOrm/blob/master/examples/2-manual.php)
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### Settings
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As specified in the examples above, there are multiple settings classes that can be used to connect to a specific database type:
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* [MysqlSettings: MySQL backend settings.](https://github.com/danog/AsyncOrm/blob/master/docs/docs/danog/AsyncOrm/Settings/MysqlSettings.md)
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* [PostgresSettings: Postgres backend settings.](https://github.com/danog/AsyncOrm/blob/master/docs/docs/danog/AsyncOrm/Settings/PostgresSettings.md)
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* [RedisSettings: Redis backend settings.](https://github.com/danog/AsyncOrm/blob/master/docs/docs/danog/AsyncOrm/Settings/RedisSettings.md)
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All these classes have multiple fields, described in their respective documentation (click on each class name to view it).
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#### Caching
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One of the most important settings is the `cacheTtl` field, which specifies the duration of the read and write cache.
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If non-zero, all array elements fetched from the database will be stored in an in-memory *read cache* for the specified number of seconds; multiple accesses to the same field will each postpone flushing of that field by `cacheTtl` seconds.
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All elements written to the array by the application will also be stored in an in-memory *write cache*, and flushed to the database every `cacheTtl` seconds.
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If the array has an [object value type (ValueType::OBJECT)](#key-and-value-types), write caching is disabled.
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If `cacheTtl` is 0, read and write caching is disabled.
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A special setting class is used to create `DbArray`s backed by no database, which can also be useful in certain circumstances:
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* [MemorySettings: MemorySettings backend settings.](https://github.com/danog/AsyncOrm/blob/master/docs/docs/danog/AsyncOrm/Settings/MemorySettings.md)
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### Key and value types
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Each DbArray must have a specific key and value type.
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For optimal performance, the specified types must be as strict as possible, here's a list of allowed types:
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#### Key types
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* `KeyType::STRING` - String keys only
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* `KeyType::INT` - Integer keys only
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* `KeyType::STRING_OR_INT` - String or integer keys (not recommended, for performance reasons please always specify either `STRING` or `STRING_OR_INT`).
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#### Value types
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* `ValueType::STRING`: Direct storage of UTF-8 string values.
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* `ValueType::INT`: Direct storage of integer values.
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* `ValueType::BOOL`: Direct storage of boolean values.
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* `ValueType::FLOAT`: Direct storage of floating point (double precision) values.
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* `ValueType::SCALAR`: Values of any scalar type (including blobs and arrays, excluding objects), serialized as specified in the settings.
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Using SCALAR worsens performances, please use any of the other types if possible.
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* `ValueType::OBJECT`: Objects extending DbObject, serialized as specified in the settings.
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One of the most important value types is `ValueType::OBJECT`, it is used to store entire objects extending the `DbObject` class to the database.
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Objects extending `DbObject` have a special `save` method that can be used to persist object changes to the database, as can be seen in the [example](https://github.com/danog/AsyncOrm/blob/master/examples/2-manual.php).
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## API Documentation
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Click [here »](https://github.com/danog/AsyncOrm/blob/master/docs/docs/index.md) to view the API documentation.
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