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148 lines
6.4 KiB
Markdown
148 lines
6.4 KiB
Markdown
# A Concurrent WLLVM in Go
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[](https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause)
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[](https://travis-ci.org/SRI-CSL/gllvm)
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[](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/SRI-CSL/gllvm)
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**TL; DR:** A drop-in replacement for [wllvm](https://github.com/SRI-CSL/whole-program-llvm), that builds the
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bitcode in parallel, and is faster. A comparison between the two tools can be gleaned from building the [Linux kernel.](https://github.com/SRI-CSL/gllvm/tree/master/examples/linux-kernel)
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## Quick Start Comparison Table
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| wllvm command/env variable | gllvm command/env variable |
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|-----------------------------|-----------------------------|
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| wllvm | gclang |
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| wllvm++ | gclang++ |
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| extract-bc | get-bc |
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| wllvm-sanity-checker | gsanity-check |
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| LLVM_COMPILER_PATH | LLVM_COMPILER_PATH |
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| LLVM_CC_NAME ... | LLVM_CC_NAME ... |
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| WLLVM_CONFIGURE_ONLY | WLLVM_CONFIGURE_ONLY |
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| WLLVM_OUTPUT_LEVEL | WLLVM_OUTPUT_LEVEL |
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| WLLVM_OUTPUT_FILE | WLLVM_OUTPUT_FILE |
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| LLVM_COMPILER | *not supported* (clang only)|
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| LLVM_GCC_PREFIX | *not supported* (clang only)|
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| LLVM_DRAGONEGG_PLUGIN | *not supported* (clang only)|
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This project, `gllvm`, provides tools for building whole-program (or
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whole-library) LLVM bitcode files from an unmodified C or C++
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source package. It currently runs on `*nix` platforms such as Linux,
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FreeBSD, and Mac OS X. It is a Go port of [wllvm](https://github.com/SRI-CSL/whole-program-llvm).
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`gllvm` provides compiler wrappers that work in two
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phases. The wrappers first invoke the compiler as normal. Then, for
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each object file, they call a bitcode compiler to produce LLVM
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bitcode. The wrappers then store the location of the generated bitcode
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file in a dedicated section of the object file. When object files are
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linked together, the contents of the dedicated sections are
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concatenated (so we don't lose the locations of any of the constituent
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bitcode files). After the build completes, one can use a `gllvm`
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utility to read the contents of the dedicated section and link all of
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the bitcode into a single whole-program bitcode file. This utility
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works for both executable and native libraries.
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For more details see [wllvm](https://github.com/SRI-CSL/whole-program-llvm).
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## Prerequisites
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To install `gllvm` you need the go language [tool](https://golang.org/doc/install).
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To use `gllvm` you need clang/clang++ and the llvm tools llvm-link and llvm-ar.
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`gllvm` is agnostic to the actual llvm version. `gllvm` also relies on standard build
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tools such as `objcopy` and `ld`.
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## Installation
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To install, simply do
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```
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go get github.com/SRI-CSL/gllvm/cmd/...
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```
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This should install four binaries: `gclang`, `gclang++`, `get-bc`, and `gsanity-check`
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in the `$GOPATH/bin` directory.
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## Usage
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`gclang` and
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`gclang++` are the wrappers used to compile C and C++. `get-bc` is used for
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extracting the bitcode from a build product (either an object file, executable, library
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or archive). `gsanity-check` can be used for detecting configuration errors.
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Here is a simple example. Assuming that clang is in your `PATH`, you can build
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bitcode for `pkg-config` as follows:
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```
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tar xf pkg-config-0.26.tar.gz
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cd pkg-config-0.26
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CC=gclang ./configure
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make
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```
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This should produce the executable `pkg-config`. To extract the bitcode:
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```
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get-bc pkg-config
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```
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which will produce the bitcode module `pkg-config.bc`.
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If clang and the llvm tools are not in your `PATH`, you will need to set some
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environment variables.
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* `LLVM_COMPILER_PATH` can be set to the absolute path of the directory that
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contains the compiler and the other LLVM tools to be used.
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* `LLVM_CC_NAME` can be set if your clang compiler is not called `clang` but
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something like `clang-3.7`. Similarly `LLVM_CXX_NAME` can be used to
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describe what the C++ compiler is called. We also pay attention to the
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environment variables `LLVM_LINK_NAME` and `LLVM_AR_NAME` in an
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analogous way.
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Another useful environment variable is `WLLVM_CONFIGURE_ONLY`. Its use is explained in the
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README of [wllvm](https://github.com/SRI-CSL/whole-program-llvm).
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`gllvm` does not support the dragonegg plugin. All other features of `wllvm`, such as logging, and the bitcode store,
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are supported in exactly the same fashion.
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## Under the hoods
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Both `wllvm` and `gllvm` toolsets do much the same thing, but the way they do it is
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slightly different. The `gllvm` toolset's code base is written in
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`golang`, and is largely derived from the `wllvm`'s python codebase.
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Both generate object files and bitcode files using the compiler. `wllvm`
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can use `gcc` and `dragonegg`, `gllvm` can only use `clang`. The `gllvm` toolset
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does these two tasks in parallel, while `wllvm` does them sequentially.
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This together with the slowness of python's `fork exec`-ing, and it's
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interpreted nature accounts for the large efficiency gap between the
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two toolsets.
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Both inject the path of the bitcode version of the `.o` file into a
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dedicated segment of the `.o` file itself. This segment is the same across
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toolsets, so extracting the bitcode can be done by the appropriate
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tool in either toolset. On `*nix` both toolsets use `objcopy` to add the
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segment, while on OS X they use `ld`.
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When the object files are linked into the resulting library or
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executable, the bitcode path segments are appended, so the resulting
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binary contains the paths of all the bitcode files that constitute the
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binary. To extract the sections the `gllvm` toolset uses the golang
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packages `"debug/elf"` and `"debug/macho"`, while the `wllvm` toolset uses
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`objdump` on `*nix`, and `otool` on OS X.
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Both tools then use `llvm-link` or `llvm-ar` to combine the bitcode files
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into the desired form.
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## License
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`gllvm` is released under a BSD license. See the file `LICENSE` for [details.](LICENSE)
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---
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This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant [ACI-1440800](http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1440800). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
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